Shingle-machine



UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEicE.

SIMEON MARSHALL, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

vsHINor:ti-: ivrAcHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 18,512, dated October 27, 1857.

T0 all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, SiMEoN MARSHALL, of Philadelphia, in the county ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have' invented new and usefulImprovements in the Construction of Shingle-Machines Adapted to thePurpose of Splitting and Dressing Shingles, Staves, and Headings; and Ido hereby declare the following is a full and exact description thereof,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making a part 0f thisspecification, in which- Figure 1 is a side view, Fig. 2 a top View,Fig. 3 a section at L, B in Fig. 2.

Corresponding letters refer to corresponding parts throughout.

The nature of my invention consists in the arrangement and applicationof the new and useful devices, in constructing machines for the purpose,whereby the respective parts are better secured, more direct acting, andreadily adjusted to more diiferent thicknesses, shapes, or forms asdesired, than any other machine now in use.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention I willproceed to describe its construction and operation.

I construct two stands or legs A, A, with proper openings and bearingsto receive their respective parts, these being each of one piece metal,will form a rigid cross section for the machine, when in their position,to these stands I secure the side pieces B, B each formed of one pieceof metal with their proper openings and bearings to receive theirrespective parts, producing a substantial frame for the reception of theminor parts. Upon the forward end of this frame I place a driving shaftZ) secured in proper bearings on the side pieces B, B, having pulleys c,c on one end for the application of power, on the opposite end, from thepulleys I place a faced wheel with cutters inserted, for trimming theedges of the pieces after being dressed. This wheel acts also as abalance to accelerate the movement of the machine. Between the bearingsof shaft ZJ I place a small gear, the

teeth of which play into a large gear placed upon the crank shaft cl,the crank shaft d being secured to the front stands of the machine inproper bearings; back of the driving shaft b and parallel therewith Iplace two rollers for the purpose of delivering the dressed piece upon atable secured to the front stand and in front of said rollers; back ofthese rollers and parallel therewith I place two knife stocks t tconnected at each end to guide pieces m m, m m securing those guidepieces in their proper position to the side pieces B, B, those guidepieces having freedom to move up or down, which movement is derived fromrock shaft n, through arms and connecting bars secured to the rock shaftjust outside of side pieces B, B. This rock shaft is placed beneath theknife stocks and parallel therewith, secured in bearings on side piecesB, B. To the knife stocks is attached the shaving knives, in such amanner as to be readily taken out or adjusted to the required positionfor use, the stocks holding and controlling the knives while inoperation, as shown at Fig. 3. Upon these knife stocks and extendingdown near to the edge of the shaving knives I place two caps z' z' forthe purpose of crippling or breaking up the shaving close down to, orback of, the edges of the knives, that the shavings may not split intothe pieces or affect the operation of the shaving knives. Directly backof the shaving knives and parallel therewith, I construct two gates,swinging in a frame, which is bolted to side pieces B B. Those gatesopen when the piece for dressing is forced between them, they grippingthe piece firmly and assist in guiding it to the shaving knives, theybeing connected together by sector gears, on one end of each hinge orfulcrum, and being held in their proper position by a spring attached tothe back stands and connected to an arm on the upper sector gear. Backof these gates and parallel with them I place a roller R, as shown atFig. 3, in such a manner that it may revolve as the rough piece ispassing over it, preventing either end of the piece from dropping belowthe lower edge of the driving plate after passing off of the stationarytable or plate. This stationary plate extends from side to side of themachine directly beneath the top of side pieces B, B, at the rear end,and extending up to within a proper distance of the guide roller R, theedge of the upper gate should rest on the shingle piece a little back ofthe lower gate, so as to keep the piece down on the roller that it maynot crook above the driving plate as it is carried forward to bedressed, as shown at Fig. 3. On the opposite end of the crank shaft nfrom the large gear I secure a slotted arm u to which is attached twoadjustable centers c c with adjustable rings w w fw. Upon these dependsthe relative movement of the shaving knives with the other parts of themachine connecting therewith through lever a which is connected at oneend to rock shaft a, and resting uponv either of these rings as desired,having a ball weight hanging on the outer end for the purpose of keepingit in its place. The increase or diminuation of the centers 'U fv, bythe application or removal of these guides or rings will vary the shapeof the piece being dressed, an alteration that is necessary in dressingst-aves and headings, or different length shingles. Thus if the innercenter be diminished 'and the outer center increased in size, byadjustable rings or otherwise, the length of the taper on the shinglewill be increased, and the reverse of this will produce the reverseeffect. I do not confine myselfto the exact number of these rings, orsize of the centers, as the centers could be each formed of one piece ofany size, which would produce the one shaped shingle, and by usingdifferent sizes for dierentshaped pieces dressed, would obtain the sameresults.

To the outer rim of the large gear I attach a connecting rod whichconnects to 'the driving plate giving it a reciprocating movement forthe purpose of operating the splitting knife e at one end and clearingthe stationary table of the rived pieces with both ends, the drivingplate being secured in its proper position, by entering suitable groovesformed in the side pieces B, B, in the driving plate, and near itsedges, I form slots y y, y y Vfor the purpose of attaching the arms ofthe riving knife e. The long slots are designed for using the knife eonv the 'front end of the driving plate, that the knife may traverse aless distance than the driving plate, and that being back of the gates,the short slots connect the splitting knife b to the back end of thedriving plate traversing the same distance as the plate for the purposesof splitting pieces, as long as the machine will dress when fed in frontfor that purpose. In those slots y y, or g/ y, I place the riving knifearms f f, connecting the knife to the driver, the ends of those armsthat are placed in the slots, are so formed, as seen by section T S,from F ig. 2 that by placing them into those slots and securing theknife 'in its place to the opposite ends a positive connection is formedto the driving plate, at the same time, giving the knife, that requiredfreedom to rise or fall to suit the irregularities of the timber inpassing through it.

Lever Z must be connected to the rock shaft with a yielding joint, insuch a manner that it shall form a positive connection to a certainextent between the slotted arm u, and the shaving knives, this beingsuficient to control the shaving knives in their operation, but should aparticle of timber get lodged between those knives, the yielding jointprevents accident to those parts of the machine, which would be theresult of the usual constructed connections made in such cases. Inmaking this yielding or suppositive connection of the movement fromslotted arm u to the shaving knives, I construct the hub of lever Z intwo parts, securing the parts together with screw bolts, which cause thehub to hug the rock shaft n, in such a manner as to insure a movement tothe knives in their ordinary work.

On either side of roller R, or between the gates S, S, and the forwardend of the stationary table, as shown in Fig. 3, I form open spaces 0,o, which I claim for the purpose of permitting refuse matter to dropbeneath the machine, and not interfere with the shaving operation, theguide roller R preventing the piece intended to be dressed,

from dropping through the openings and guides it to the gates. At theeXtreme rear end of the machine and parallel with the movable rivingknife I place a self adjustable riving knife for the purpose of dividingthe piece which is split from the block by the riving knife c, thisadjustable riving knife being elevated to the proper height from thestationary table to enter the piece directly in the center as the pieceis carried off of the stationary table by the backward movement of thedriving plate, thus dividing said piece directly through the center.

The operation is as follows: The machine has a double and single processfor splitting to suit the quality of the timber to be worked. Theinferior timber is placed upon the movable riving knife e at the backend of the machine, the driving plate in passing backward carries theriving knife e from I beneath the block of timber when the block ispressed down upon the driving plate, the riving knife e being elevatedon the side pieces at a proper height to strike into the block on theforward movement of the driving plate and take a piece thick enough fortwo shingles from the block, which piece drops upon the stationary tableas the driving plate passes from beneath it, and is carried backward andolf of the stationary table by the backward movement of the drivingplate, being held down by the operator until it strikes the riving knifeat the eXtreme rear end of the machine, which v knife divides the piecethrough the center,

making two pieces of the proper thickness for dressing. Those pieces areplaced on the stationary table at the front end of the machine and allcarried forward by the forward movement of the driving plate over theguide roller through the gates and shaving knives, the driving platefollowing the piece directly up to the shaving knives.

when t-he two rollers in front of the shaving knives deliver the dressedpiece upon the front table, from where it is taken by hand and appliedto the jointer wheel, which trims the edges when they are thrown offready for use. The advantages derived from splitting inferior timber, bythis double process, is in taking a piece from the bolt of sufficientthickness and strength, to prevent the breaking off, or out, aftersplitting a part way through, as in splitting a thin piece from suchtimber. The second splitting knife being started into the center of thisdouble piece will readily divide it, there being equal strength oftimber on each side of the knife, the machine at the same time dressingsuch pieces as may be selected suitable for the purpose. This alsoprevents the introduction of refuse pieces in the shaving knives, whichwould be the result of attempting to work inferior timber by t-he singlesplitting process. The better class of timber may be Worked on the frontend of the machine by placing riving knife arms f in the long slots y,y, using the knife at the front end of the driving plate, the blockbeing presented to the knife as before described, the knife beingelevated to a proper height to take but one thickness from the block,which is carried directly through the dressing process by the forwardmovement of the driving plate and finished as before described. Shouldrefuse matter collect between the shaving knives and prevent theirclosing, the clutch on shaft b must be thrown out of the small pinion orgear, by means of the lever connected thereto for that purpose, thusstopping the movement of the driving plate and the shaving knives, thescrew bolts being loosed, in the hub of lever Z, the shaving knives arethen opened and freed, being next set to the thickness desired, thescrew bolts are again tightened, and the machine started olf as before.

Having thus fully described the construction, operation, and use of theparts specified,

l. I claim the slots y y, fj y, in the driving plate with the peculiarformed arms f f combined and connected substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

2. I claim the general arrangement of parts operating in t-he mannerdescribed, for the purposes set forth.

SIMEON MARSHALL.

Titnesses WM. B. BEMENT, EDWD. P. HALL.

